The Autism Spectrum

The causes of autism-spectrum conditions are still not fully understood.  It is not a condition to be 'cured' and for the present it remains a life-long condition.  In the right environment however, those with autism can learn how to manage their condition and be helped to develop their social and communciation skills in order to lead fuller, more productive lives.

The condition known as 'autism' was first described in the 1940's by Leo Kanner.  A variety of related expressions have since been used to indicate more preciseley the various type of degree of autism by which an individual may be affected - expressions such as 'classic autism', 'autistic tendencies', 'high functioning autism', and 'Asperger's syndrome'.  In turn, these have given rise to the expression 'autistic spectrum' to indicate individuals affected by the disorder and they will be termed as on a scale ranging from 'severe' to 'slight'.  At the severe end of the scale will be individuals who seem totally impervious to anything going on around them and who make no efforts at any form of communciation.  At the slight end of the scale will be individuals who on first meeting may seem unaffected by the disorder.

The autistic spectrum in Great Britain covers around 500,000 people.  Although it covers more males than females (approx 4:1 ratio), it ranges across people of all class, ethnicity and intellect.    The severe end of the spectrum affects around 100,000 people; this 'classic' autism is normally indicated by a below average level of intellectual functioning.  The slight end of the spectrum affects the remaining 400,000 people who are commonly referred to as affected by  Asperger's Syndrome.  This is indicated by an average or above average level of intellectual functioning.

What all people within the autistic continuum have in common is what is commonly known as the 'triad of impairments'.  To a greater or lesser extent, they show signs of impairment in their abilities in social communication, social interaction and social understanding and imagination.  They will have problems with: forming and maintaining social relationships, expressing their feelings, acting appropriately in social situations, understanding the social rules that govern everyday conduct.  They will to some extent be isolated from normal social behaviour and seem to live 'in a world of their own'.

 

Helpful websites:  www.autismuk.com and www.aspergerfoundation.org.uk.